创新开展新时期科技名词规范化工作,努力发挥支撑服务作用

科技名词规范化工作具有深厚的历史基础和现实需要,是支撑科技创新和经济社会发展的一项基础性系统工程。当前,中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我们要深刻领会“新时代”的丰富内涵,深化认识科技名词规范化工作的特殊意义,创新开展各项工作,更好肩负起新时代赋予的历史使命。     

Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

基于R语言的迪基-福勒检验的蒙特卡罗模拟

迪基-福勒(Dickey-Fuller)检验是时间序列的平稳性检验中常用的一种方法;由于检验统计量的极限分布是由标准维纳过程关于轨道的积分来表达的,很难得到其密度函数的显式表达式,因而确定检验临界值非常困难,蒙特卡罗方法是解决这类问题的金钥匙;基于R语言对t统计量的平稳性检验的临界值的随机模拟程序进行了研究,填补了文献空白,其计算程序和方法对于金融工程或经济计量统计分析与研究具有广泛的指导意义。     

New theories for new instruments: Fabrizio Mordente's proportional compass and the genesis of Giordano Bruno's atomist geometry

The aim of this article is to shed light on an understudied aspect of Giordano Bruno's intellectual biography, namely, his career as a mathematical practitioner. Early interpreters, especially, have criticized Bruno's mathematics for being “outdated” or too “concrete”. However, thanks to developments in the study of early modern mathematics and the rediscovery of Bruno's first mathematical writings (four dialogues on Fabrizio's Mordente proportional compass), we are in a position to better understand Bruno's mathematics. In particular, this article aims to reopen the question of whether Bruno anticipated the concept of infinitesimal quantity. It does so by providing an analysis of the dialogues on Mordente's compass and of the historical circumstances under which those dialogues were written.     

基于SEM的高校体育教育学生满意度研究

借助"顾客满意度"理论,构建高校体育教育学生满意度测量量表.运用因子分析理论,对"感知质量"变量进行探索性因子分析,运用参数检验的方法对各变量在性别上的差异性做对比分析,运用结构方程模型的方法,对高校体育教育学生满意度模型中的5个变量进行相关性分析.因子分析结果表明,高校体育教育服务感知质量包括"体育硬件感知""体育教学感知"和"课外体育感知"3个维度;各变量的均值及差异性对比分析结果表明,学生对高校体育教育的"感知质量""感知价值"和"总体满意度"评分偏低,男生评分低于女生;结构方程模型分析结果表明,"体育硬件"对"总体满意度"有直接和间接的影响,"体育教学"通过中介变量"感知价值"对"总体满意度"有间接的影响.     

医疗卫生工作者心理健康水平现状

 为了解医疗卫生工作者心理健康水平的现状，从2017年科技工作者心理状况调查的数据中选取医疗卫生工作者样本1463人，同时抽取其他科技工作者1441人作为对照组。调查结果发现：医疗卫生工作者抑郁风险低于对照组，焦虑和自杀意念与对照组无显著差异，工作倦怠及情感衰竭度显著高于对照组；医疗卫生工作者心理健康群体差异明显，50岁后抑郁和焦虑水平均降低，正高级职称人群的抑郁和焦虑水平均较低。情绪调控方式上，压制组表现出更多的抑郁和焦虑风险；同时，医疗卫生工作者存在睡眠时间不足、运动次数和运动时长不足、工作时长过长的问题；在心理健康服务方面，医疗卫生工作者整体优于对照组。建议改善医疗卫生工作者工作时长和工作压力，倡导健康生活方式，并提高情绪调节能力。     

封闭式运动减肥对肥胖青少年体质健康的影响

对44名14～19岁肥胖青少年进行6周的封闭式饮食控制及运动,测定实验对象的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质和血液健康等指标.通过数理统计方法对实验所测得的数据进行分析.结果表明:肥胖青少年的脂肪量、体质量、体脂率都有明显的下降(P0.05);肺活量逐渐上升,身体素质指标(耐力、柔韧、50 m跑)与血液健康指标(血脂TC、甘油三酯TG、空腔胰岛素FINS)都呈非常明显改善(P0.01).封闭式运动减肥对青少年肥胖者体质健康具有良好的效能表现.     

大入射余角CFAR检测器

雷达在大入射余角高分辨率海杂波背景下检测时,等效后向散射面积增大,大部分海杂波能量投射到少数距离单元,能量分布不均,出现功率突然增大的杂波“异常单元”,导致检测器参考窗口所处的背景环境复杂多变,传统检测器检测概率降低,虚警率及误检率增加。为解决此问题,通过参考滑窗单元的协方差矩阵构造正定矩阵,求解其矩阵范数用以估计杂波功率水平,并采用支持向量机改进传统恒虚警率(constant false alarm rate,CFAR)检测器,得到基于正定矩阵杂波功率估计训练支持向量机的改进CFAR检测器。实验结果表明,新检测器在均匀杂波、多目标环境下检测性能稳定,在杂波边缘的虚警控制能力良好。     

γ能谱Compton抑制的MCNP模拟

用Monte Carlo程序(MCNP)模拟主探头外包NaI(Tl)晶体构成阱型反Compton谱仪的输出谱. 通过调整FU卡参数, 实现对外探测器中脉冲高度的筛选, 给出反Compton抑制谱和Compton电子谱, 验证MCNP的FU卡在反符合测量中的使用方法, 并分析外探测器厚度对反Compton谱的影响.     

Coincidence and reproducibility in the EHT black hole experiment

This paper discusses some philosophical aspects related to the recent publication of the experimental results of the 2017 black hole experiment, namely the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M87. In this paper I present a philosophical analysis of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) black hole experiment. I first present Hacking's philosophy of experimentation. Hacking gives his taxonomy of elements of laboratory science and distinguishes a list of elements. I show that the EHT experiment conforms to major elements from Hacking's list. I then describe with the help of Galison's Philosophy of the Shadow how the EHT Collaboration created the famous black hole image. Galison outlines three stages for the reconstruction of the black hole image: Socio-Epistemology, Mechanical Objectivity, after which there is an additional Socio-Epistemology stage. I subsequently present my own interpretation of the reconstruction of the black hole image and I discuss model fitting to data. I suggest that the main method used by the EHT Collaboration to assure trust in the results of the EHT experiment is what philosophers call the Argument from Coincidence. I show that using this method for the above purpose is problematic. I present two versions of the Argument from Coincidence: Hacking's Coincidence and Cartwright's Reproducibility by which I analyse the EHT experiment. The same estimation of the mass of the black hole is reproduced in four different procedures. The EHT Collaboration concludes: the value we have converged upon is robust. I analyse the mass measurements of the black hole with the help of Cartwright's notion of robustness. I show that the EHT Collaboration construe Coincidence/Reproducibility as Technological Agnosticism and I contrast this interpretation with van Fraassen's scientific agnosticism.